








Flat washers are indispensable thin metal components designed to significantly reduce friction, prevent leakage, isolate different sections, avert loosening, and evenly distribute pressure. Below is an in-depth exploration of flat washers:
1, Main features and applications
• Expanded contact area: Flat washers enhance the contact area between bolts or nuts and the connected parts. This dispersion of pressure not only safeguards the surface of the connected components from potential crushing but also enhances durability.
Anti-slip and anti-bite: When used in fastening installations, flat washers are pivotal in preventing bolts or nuts from loosening due to vibrations or other external factors. Additionally, they possess an anti-bite function, simplifying disassembly when needed.
• Versatile materials: Flat washers are meticulously crafted from a myriad of metal materials like carbon steel, stainless steel, and copper, tailored to meet the diverse demands of various environments and applications.
2, Specifications and standards
Standard dimensions: Flat washers come with standardized dimensions, including inner diameter, outer diameter, and thickness, tailored to their specific model and application scenario. For instance, the M1.6 model flat washer has an inner diameter of 1.6mm, an outer diameter of 4mm, and a thickness of 0.3mm; whereas the M10 model showcases an inner diameter of 10mm, an outer diameter of 20mm, and a thickness of 2mm.
National standards: The production and utilization of flat washers adhere to an array of national standards, such as GB/T 95-2002 "Flat Gaskets Class C", GB/T 97.1-2002 "Flat Gaskets Class A", etc. These standards meticulously define the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and technical requisites for flat washers.
3, Application scenarios
Mechanical equipment: Flat washers are extensively employed at the junctions between bolts and nuts in mechanical equipment, ensuring a stable and reliable connection.
Automotive industry: Widely utilized in automotive manufacturing, flat washers fortify the connections of crucial components such as engines and transmissions, thereby enhancing the durability and safety of the connectors.
Construction industry: In construction, flat washers are frequently used in steel structure connections, pipeline connections, and similar scenarios to prevent connector loosening from vibrations or external forces.
4, Performance and Limitations
Performance: Flat washers exhibit outstanding compressive and wear resistance, ensuring stable connectivity in high-pressure environments. Their anti-slip and anti-bite characteristics further enhance the safety and reliability of the connectors.
• Limitations: In certain challenging environments, such as those with high temperatures, high humidity, or corrosive conditions, the performance of flat washers might be compromised. Furthermore, if the tightening axial force at the connection point is excessive, the flat washer may deform into a disc shape, compromising its pressure distribution capability. This issue can be addressed by selecting appropriate materials and enhancing hardness.
In summary, as an essential auxiliary component of fasteners, flat washers play a pivotal role across diverse industries such as mechanical equipment, automotive, and construction. Grasping their main characteristics, specifications, application scenarios, and performance limitations is crucial for optimal selection and usage, ensuring robust stability and connection reliability.