








Flat washers are indispensable, thin metal components designed to minimize friction, prevent leaks, provide isolation, deter loosening, and evenly distribute pressure. Below is a comprehensive overview of flat washers:
1, Main Features and Applications
• Enhanced Contact Area: Flat washers effectively expand the contact area between bolts or nuts and the connected surfaces, thereby dispersing pressure. This helps protect the surface from potential damage and ensures longevity.
Anti-Slip and Anti-Bite: In fastening applications, flat washers play a crucial role in preventing bolts or nuts from loosening due to vibrations or other factors. Their anti-bite feature simplifies disassembly, enhancing maintenance efficiency.
• Diverse Material Choices: Flat washers are crafted from a variety of metals including carbon steel, stainless steel, and copper, catering to diverse environments and applications with precision.
2, Specifications and Standards
Standard Dimensions: Flat washers come in standardized sizes, defined by inner diameter, outer diameter, and thickness, adaptable to various models and scenarios. For instance, the M1.6 model measures 1.6mm (inner), 4mm (outer), and 0.3mm (thick); whereas the M10 model features 10mm (inner), 20mm (outer), and 2mm (thick).
National Standards: The manufacturing and application of flat washers adhere to national standards such as GB/T 95-2002 "Flat Gaskets Class C" and GB/T 97.1-2002 "Flat Gaskets Class A", stipulating dimensions, tolerances, materials, and technical criteria.
3, Application Scenarios
Mechanical Equipment: In mechanical assemblies, flat washers are prominently used at bolt and nut junctions to ensure a stable and reliable connection.
Automotive Industry: Flat washers are integral in automotive manufacturing, especially in critical connections of engines and transmissions, enhancing connector durability and safety.
Construction Industry: In construction, flat washers are pivotal in steel structure connections and pipeline assemblies, preventing connector loosening caused by vibrations or external forces.
4, Performance and Limitations
Performance: Flat washers boast exceptional compressive strength and wear resistance, maintaining reliable connections in high-pressure environments. Their anti-slip and anti-bite properties further enhance connector safety and reliability.
• Limitations: In extreme conditions like high temperature, high humidity, or corrosive environments, flat washer performance may diminish. Excessive axial force can deform washers into a disc shape, compromising pressure distribution. Selecting appropriate materials and enhancing hardness can resolve these issues.
In conclusion, flat washers are vital auxiliary components in fastening systems across the mechanical, automotive, and construction sectors. A thorough understanding of their characteristics, specifications, applications, and limitations ensures optimal selection and application, guaranteeing connection stability and reliability.